NUGGET EFFECT is a common feature of many vein-style gold deposits. This style of mineralization results in complication in many exploitation stages including resource and average grade estimation, representative sample selection, ore characterization as well as processing. Accurate and reliable ore characterization is a vital stage in any mineral processing project. Ore characterization in high NUGGET EFFECT gold ores is so complex due to uncertainties associated with representativity of the selected sample. The main challenge is to provide a representative sample for identification of each process mineralogy parameter such as average grade, liberation, grinding size, mineral association, floatability, etc. Here, different protocols are collected and compared to draw a comprehensive picture of the available methods. The results are examined on a high NUGGET EFFECT gold ore from Northeast of Iran, Azghad mine. Processing experiments were conducted to develop a process suitable for Azghad gold mine. To investigate the feasibility of pre-concentration, gravity methods using a Nelson separator was applied on the oxide sample as the main gold vein. 43. 3% of total gold was concentrated in the gravity concentrate with only 2% weight recovery, suggesting gravity concentration can be considered as an efficient method in this ore. Gold preg-robbing experiments were performed for Shale sample due to the organic matter, clay minerals and mica. Preg-robbing potential of the shale ore was determined to be 1. 1 ppm. Optimization of operating parameters was performed by central composite design method for the combined oxide and shale samples.

Background and Objectives: Accuracy of spatial estimation of soil properties such as clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent is very important in plant nutrition and environmental planning. The most important step before statistical analysis and using geostatistical estimators is data check. In addition to investigation of outlier data and data distribution, another important action in geostatistical studies is trend surface analysis. Analyzing trend surface can evaluate the role of factors such as stone kin, climate, topography and generally regional anomalies. The objective of this study was trend-surface analysis and its EFFECTs on variogram modeling and mapping of clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 100 surface soil samples in 0-15 cm depth were selected randomly based on different classes area slope from 41353 ha area in Selin plain farmland located in Kaleibar region, East-Azerbaijan. Soil properties such as clay, calcium carbonate equivalent and organic matter were measured by hydrometer, return titration and wet oxidation method, respectively. For analyzing trend surface used multiple regression models which its independent variables was geographical coordinate and dependent variable was soil properties. For zoning clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent and residuals of removing trend ordinary kriging was used. The EFFECT of removing trend surface in variogram modeling and kriging estimating were evaluated by cross-validation method with indexes mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2).Results: Trend surface analysis showed that the best regression models for trend determination of clay, calcium carbonate equivalent and organic matter were first order, first order and quadratic, respectively. Removing the detected trend led to decrease in sill but the NUGGET EFFECT did not change. However, no significant difference was observed between accuracy of kriging estimator in presence and removal of trend. This can be attributed to both abnormal manner of environment and activations of human. So that, the regression models of the trends were 35, 18 and 21% of clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent variations, respectively. However, removing the detected trend led to increase 9.1, 2.7 and 6.6% of R2 for clay, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent, respectively.Conclusion: Generally, investigation of trend surface is recommended in soil studies dealing with spatial data, because the trend depends on the location and conditions of the study area as well as the source of the creating trend.

The EFFECT of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), and sodium cholorid (NaCl) on chemical, and textural quality of chicken NUGGET was investigated in current study, using response surface methodology (RSM). The soluble peptide, fat absorption, expressible water and textural properties (breaking force, hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and springiness) were assessed. Treatments had no significant EFFECTs on soluble peptide content, and fat absorption. The results indicated that enzyme and salt both were EFFECTive factors on expressible water (P<0.05). Furthermore, increasing in MTGase and salt level had significant linear EFFECT on springiness and deformation (P<0.05). MTGase and time of incubation had synergistic EFFECT on deformation (P<0.05). Under higher activity of MTGase and incubation time, NUGGET deformation increased significantly. The higher level of MTGase, salt and incubation time were caused the higher hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness. The optimum condition for this experiment was MTGase activity, NaCl concentration, and incubation time of 1.48%, 0.85% and 25 min, respectively. On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that MTGase can improve chemical and textural quality of low salt chicken NUGGETs.

One of the most important issues in three sheet resistance spot welding is the insufficient growth of the weld NUGGET in the sheet/sheet interface, where it is most needed. This reduces the mechanical properties of the joint and increases the tendency to fail in the interfacial failure mode. In this paper the EFFECT of sheet thickness on the pattern of weld NUGGET development during resistance spot welding of three low carbon steel sheets of equal thickness is studied. Results showed that there is a critical sheet thickness at which the fusion zone size at the sheet/sheet interface is nearly equal to its size at the geometrical center of the joint. When sheet thickness is lower than the critical value, an elliptical NUGGET is formed in which the weld NUGGET growth in the geometrical center of the joint is higher than the sheet/sheet interface. While, increasing the sheet thickness above the critical size causes the formation of a non-elliptical NUGGET in which the weld NUGGET growth mostly occurs in the sheet/sheet interfaces.

Chicken NUGGET is one of the most popular convenience food in the world. Because of high-fat content in preparation of NUGGETs with regular methods that causes obesity and other related diseases, other techniques like pretreatment using gum and drying came into attention. In this study, chicken NUGGETs coated with batter containing Balangu gum (0. 25 and 0. 5%) were cooked by infrared-frying method in three heat fluxes of 18. 5, 21. 6, 24. 7 kW/m2 for 12 minutes. The EFFECTs of the process and gum concentration on moisture content, fat, total weight loss, color parameters (a*, b* and L*) and texture properties of this product were investigated. The sample containing 0. 5% gum had the highest moisture content (51. 80%) and by increasing the power of the infrared radiation, moisture content decreased. The lowest fat content was related to the sample with a heat flux of 24. 7kW/m2 containing 0. 5% Balangu gum. By decreasing gum concentration and decreasing the power of the infrared radiation, fat content of samples increased. Also, Color attribute L* which shows lightness had the lowest amount in the control sample because of higher heat during the cooking process. The hardness of chicken NUGGET in various treatments did not change significantly, which can be important in consumer acceptance, but cohesiveness of samples treated using infrared-gum treatment showed significant difference compared to the control sample (P<0. 05).

The spot welding is widely used for joining thin sheets in different industries; such as automotive industry. This method of welding is very easy to automate and maintain. In this study, the EFFECT of NUGGET diameter on the tensile-shear strength of the spot welding joints was investigated. The specimens were manufactured from AISI 1008 HR sheets with 1.0 mm thickness. The eight different electrodes with different active face diameters (3–10 mm) were employed. Tensile tests of the prepared specimens indicated that both ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength increased to a certain level and then remained constant. The comparison between specimen failure modes showed that in specimens with lower NUGGET diameter, tearing occurred in NUGGET. However with increasing the diameter, failure location moved to NUGGET edge with tearing in base sheet. Interestingly, the specimens with change in failure location were those that UTS and yield strength were remained almost constant. This was also the case where the elongations of these specimens were studied.

Background: The enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the most important cause of food poisoning that manifests with gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting. Its complications usually occur when bacterial virulence genes are produced. The most important virulence factors are cell-associated components, exoenzymes, exotoxins, enterotoxins, and enterotoxin-like toxins.Objectives: The present study aimed to study the presence of S. aureus and its virulence factors in chicken NUGGETs in Iran.Materials and Methods: Totally, 420 chicken NUGGETs from five brands were collected from Isfahan and Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari provinces, Iran. Samples were cultured and the positive results were studied using ELISA and PCR for detection of classical staphylococcal enterotoxins and sea-sej virulence genes, respectively.Results: Results showed that 27 (6.42%) of 420 samples were contaminated with S. aureus with bacteria concentration between 6.1×103 to 8.4×101/mL. Totally, 33.33% of isolates produced SEA, 4.16% SEB, 12.50% SEC, 8.33% SED, 12.50% SEA+SEC, and 12.50% SEA+SED. The most commonly detected genes were sea (25%), sea+seg (8.33%), sec (12.50%), sea+sed (12.50%), and sea+sec+sej (12.50%).Conclusions: S. aureus can easily contaminate the chicken NUGGET and this contamination is usually associated with significant presences of virulence genes. Consumption of these NUGGETs certainly is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, some food safety and quality standards should be applied and performed in most of the Iranian food units to control growth of S. aureus and its virulence factors.

The present study aimed to investigate the spatial variability of soil properties in the Taftan rangelands of Khash city. Homogeneous units were determined by overlyaing slope, aspect, elevation, and geology maps (1: 25000 scales) of the study area. Random systematic method was used to collect data by plots placed along three transects with 150 m length. Soil samples from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm depths were collected by drilling 24 holes. Soil samples were analyzed and their characteristics including gravel percent, texture, saturation moisture, available water, lime, gypsum, organic matter, acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured by the standard methods. Kriging analysis was used to examine and describing spatial structure by GS+ software version 9. Model were fitted to the variogram and model parameters were then determined. Accuracy assessment of the interpolation results was performed through cross-validation, and their Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Mean absolute Error (MAE) were calculated. According to the results, most of soil characteristics followed a spherical and exponential shape models in both surface and deep soil layers. Although some soil properties such as lime content of soil surface (with 4.70 NUGGET EFFECT and 80% spatial structure), available water in the both soil layers (with 0.29, 0.1 NUGGET EFFECT and 97%, 99% spatial structure respectively) and soil texture (sand, clay and silt percentage) had strong spatial structure. Some charactristics such as gypsum, saturation moisture and gravel did not show strong spatial structure in the both layers. According to the fitted model, kriging could not obtain a proper estimation of gravel amount in the first soil layer (MAE=11.93 and MBE=-0.708) and soil sand content in the second layer (MAE=10.51 and MBE=0.15) because their high values of NUGGET EFFECTs and weak spatial structures resulted to the high error rate and estimation bias of these variables.

Resistance spot welding is an important manufacturing process in the automotive industry for assembling bodies. The quality and strength of the welds and, by extension, the body is mainly defined by the quality of the weld NUGGETs. The most EFFECTive parameters in this process are sheet material, geometry of electrodes, electrode force, current intensity, welding time and sheet thickness. The present research examined the EFFECT of process parameters on NUGGET formation. A mechanical/ electrical/ thermal coupled model was created in a finite element analysis environment. The EFFECT of welding time and current, electrode force, contact resistivity and sheet thickness was simulated to investigate the EFFECT of these parameters on temperature of the faying surface. The physical properties of the material were defined as nonlinear and temperature dependent. The shape and size of the weld NUGGETs were computed and compared with experimental results from published articles. The proposed methodology allows prediction of the quality and shape of the weld NUGGETs as process parameters are varied. It can assist in adjusting welding parameters that eliminates the need for costly experimentation. This process can be economically optimized to manufacture quality automotive bodies.